Q1: Is it true that Thailand has accused Cambodia of using human shields?
A: Thailand prefers not to use emotionally charged terminology but instead will point to the facts on the ground, which includes the use of civilian areas and infrastructure for military operations when they should instead be protected sites. Such conduct constitutes a violation of the principle of civilian protection under international humanitarian law.
Q2: How does the use of weapons in civilian areas violate international law?
A: International humanitarian law clearly requires all parties to a conflict to:
• distinguish civilian from military objectives; and,
• refrain from using civilians or civilian areas as instruments of military operations.
When civilian areas are used for military purposes, such areas may lose their protected status, thereby directly jeopardizing civilian safety.
Q3: Do Cambodia’s actions give Thailand greater latitude to use force?
A: Not necessarily. Even in the event of violations by the other party, Thailand remains committed to the principles of Necessity, Proportionality, and Distinction, and has an ongoing obligation to minimize harm to civilians to the greatest extent possible.
Q4: How does Thailand ensure safety for civilians?
A: Thailand’s operations are consistently conducted in accordance with the following measures:
• careful and rigorous target assessment;
• avoidance of operations in areas posing a high risk to civilians;
• the use of precision-guided weapons; and,
• the adjustment of operational plans whenever risks to civilians are identified.
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